Generaton Of Computers-Classification Of Computers Based On Generation

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

  Computer can be classified using different methods such as : classification  based on generation , size , types or how they function , degree of versatility (purpose) and make or manufacturer.

COMMON METHODS  USED IN CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

1       Classification based on generations

2       Classification based on types

3       Classification  based on size

4       Classification based on degree of versatility or purpose

5       Classification based on make ( manufacturer)

FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS  (1940-1956)---(GROUP 1)

• The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
• They were often enormous and taking up entire room.
• The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices.

·        The electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC)

·        ENIAC  was the first general purpose programmable computer.

SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS (1956-1963)—(GROUP 2)

•         Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers.

•        Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic.

•         High-level programming languages were also being developed at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.

•        These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory.

THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS(GROUP 3)

•        The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers.

•        Transistors were miniaturized and placed on siliconchips.

•        Allowed the device to run many different applications at one time.

•        Generation of computers

FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS(1971-PRESENT)(GROUP 4)

·        The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.

·        From the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls—on a single chip.

·        Fourth generation computers also saw the development of the mouse and handheld  devices.

FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS  (PRESENT AND BEYOND)--(GROUP 5)

•        Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence.

•        The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.

•        The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization. 

USEFUL INFORMATION

·        Prof. J. V. Atanasoff made the earliest attempt to build an electronic computer in 1937.

·        ENIAC was developed BY John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly.

•        John von Neumann designed the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC)

•        Random Access Memory (RAM) in 1945.

•        Universal  Automatic Computer  (UNIVAC ) was designed in1951.

•        Alan Turing designed the second early electronic machine for British Military in 1943 .
     
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